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補充維生素B12對素食者血中同型半胱氨酸濃度之影響

為了解決How to pronounce sci的問題，作者余葦琳 這樣論述：

BackgroundVegetarian diet is associated with various beneficial outcomes on health. However, potential drawbacks of vegetarian diet and possible solutions remain uncertain. Vegetarian diet is potentially deficient in Vitamin B12, since foods of animal origins are the main sources of it. Vitamin B12

serves as an important co-factor in Homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are: 1) To evaluate the Vitamin B12 and Hcy status among vegetarians; 2) To assess the efficacy of oral supplementation with Vitamin B12 on reducing the plasma Hcy levels among vegetarians.Mater

ials and methodsA prospective cohort study of Tzu Chi Health Study (TCHS) was conducted at Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital. A total of 6002 adults aged 18 to 87 years old who came to hospital for a health examination were recruited during October 2007 to December 2009. Blood samples for evaluation o

f Hcy and Vitamin B12 levels were taken in the first 1528 participants. Sixty-five vegetarians with hyper Hcy (plasma Hcy >12 μmol/L) participated the further intervention study. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio into interventional group (n=33) and control group (n=32). Baseline de

mographic status of the participants was assessed by questionnaires, general physical examination and laboratory tests. Participants in the intervention group received an oral tablet of 500μg Vitamin B12 daily, while the control group received a placebo tablet daily, with the duration of interventio

n for 6 months. Repeated measurements of plasma Hcy and Vitamin B12 were taken at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months.ResultsOut of the 1528 participants 66.6% are non-vegetarians and 33.4% are vegetarians. Vegetarians significantly have higher Hcy, lower Vitamin B12 and higher folic acid level. In the subsequ

ent randomized controlled trial study, the reduction of plasma Hcy level is significant starting from the 3rd month after the supplementation (β±SE= -6.23±1.50, p

工作滿意度、工作多元性與組織承諾間關係之實證研究: 以越南銀行為例

為了解決How to pronounce sci的問題，作者張虹鈺 這樣論述：

本研究目的在於探討越南銀行人員對組織承諾以及工作滿意度之影響因素。本研究引用的理論包含：內容理論 Abraham Maslow (1943)的需要層次論、Clayton Paul Alderfer (1972) 的ERG理論、Frederick Herzberg (1964)的雙因素理論；過程型激勵理論如Victor Vroom (1964)的 期望理論、John Stacey Adam (1965)的公平理論、Frederick Winslow Taylor (1911)的科學管理理論以及Elton Mayo (1923)的人群關係管理。此外，為加強上述所提之理論，研究者以發問卷的方式進行

調查，問卷調查的對象為在越南胡志明市工作的各家銀行行員。本研究採用質化與量化兩種研究方法，研究者進行本研究架構及問卷設計，並採用李克特量表作為衡量尺度。在量化研究方面，以整合模型為假設基礎，變數包括：升遷管道、工資、工作內容、工作條件、雇主關係、同事關係、福利制度、補貼。這些變數都對組織承諾有直接性的影響，且對工作滿意度也有所影響，不論一般職務和特殊職務。本研究以工作滿意度為中介變數檢視組織承諾與個人、職業之間的關聯性如年齡、性別、婚姻狀況、學歷、職位、工作角色、薪資、勞動法知識、銀行類型等。回收問卷共有504份，4份為無效問卷，有效問卷占96%。使用克隆巴赫係數計算法為測量工作相關指標的度量

範圍，同時使用了平均值和標準偏差。最重要的是，研究者運用多元回歸分析檢測銀行員的工作滿意度及組織承諾。至於質化研究法，研究者進行了11通電話訪問來收集數據，對象為越南胡志明市銀行員。分析結果顯示工資、升遷機會、工作內容、工作環境、雇主關係、同事關係、工作條件、額外福利等因素都對工作滿意度及組織承諾均有所影響。本研究最終結果顯示，薪資、升遷管道、工作內容、工作條件、升遷管道、福利制度七種因素對工作滿意以及組織忠誠均產生顯著的影響。