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The Writ of the Three Sovereigns: From Local Lore to Institutional Daoism

為了解決institutional owners的問題，作者Steavu, Dominic/ Lai, Chi Tim (EDT)/ Bokenkamp, Stephen (EDT) 這樣論述：

In 648 CE, Tang imperial authorities collected every copy of the Writ of the Three Sovereigns (Sanhuang wen) from the four corners of the empire and burned them. The formidable talismans at its core were said not only to extend their owners' lifespan and protect against misfortune, but also propel t

hem to stratospheric heights of power, elevating them to the rank of high minister or even emperor. Only two or three centuries earlier, this controversial text was unknown in most of China with the exception of Jiangnan in the south, where it was regarded as essential local lore. In the span of a f

ew generations, the Writ of the Three Sovereigns would become the cornerstone of one of the three basic corpora of the Daoist Canon, a pillar of Daoism--and a perceived threat to the state. This study, the only book-length treatment of the Writ of the Three Sovereigns in any language, traces the tex

t's transition from local tradition to empire-wide institutional religion. The volume begins by painting the social and historical backdrop against which the scripture emerged in early fourth-century Jiangnan before turning to its textual history. It reflects on the work's centerpiece artifacts, the

potent talismans in celestial script, as well as other elements of its heritage, namely alchemical elixirs and "true form" diagrams. During the fifth and sixth centuries, with Daoism coalescing into a formal organized religion, the Writ of the Three Sovereigns took on a symbolic role as a liturgica

l token of initiation while retaining its straightforward language of sovereignty and strong political overtones, which eventually led to its prohibition. The writ endured, however, and later experienced a revival as its influence spread as far as Japan. Despite its central role in the development o

f institutional Daoism, the Writ of the Three Sovereigns has remained an understudied topic in Chinese history. Its fragmentary textual record combined with the esoteric nature of its content have shrouded it in speculation. This volume provides a lucid reconstruction of the text's hidden history an

d enigmatic practices while shedding light on its contributions to the religious landscape of medieval China. Dominic Steavu is associate professor of Chinese religions and Chinese Buddhism at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

The Writ of the Three Sovereigns：From Local Lore to Institutional Daoism

為了解決institutional owners的問題，作者Dominic Steavu 這樣論述：

　　In 648 CE, Tang imperial authorities collected every copy of the Writ of the Three Sovereigns (Sanhuang wen) from the four corners of the empire and burned them. The formidable talismans at its core were said not only to extend their owners’ lifespan and protect against misfortune, but also propel

them to stratospheric heights of power, elevating them to the rank of high minister or even emperor. Only two or three centuries earlier, this controversial text was unknown in most of China with the exception of Jiangnan in the south, where it was regarded as essential local lore. In the span of a

few generations, the Writ of the Three Sovereigns would become the cornerstone of one of the three basic corpora of the Daoist Canon, a pillar of Daoism—and a perceived threat to the state. 　　This study, the only book-length treatment of the Writ of the Three Sovereigns in any language, traces the

text’s transition from local tradition to empire-wide institutional religion. The volume begins by painting the social and historical backdrop against which the scripture emerged in early fourth century Jiangnan before turning to its textual history. It reflects on the work’s centerpiece artifacts,

the potent talismans in celestial script, as well as other elements of its heritage, namely alchemical elixirs and “true form” diagrams. During the fifth and sixth centuries, with Daoism coalescing into a formal organized religion, the Writ of the Three Sovereigns took on a symbolic role as a litur

gical token of initiation while retaining its straightforward language of sovereignty and strong political overtones, which eventually led to its prohibition. The writ endured, however, and later experienced a revival as its influence spread as far as Japan. Despite its central role in the developme

nt of institutional Daoism, the Writ of the Three Sovereigns has remained an understudied topic in Chinese history. Its fragmentary textual record combined with the esoteric nature of its content have shrouded it in speculation. This volume provides a lucid reconstruction of the text’s hidden histor

y and enigmatic practices while shedding light on its contributions to the religious landscape of medieval China. 好評推薦 　　“This is a substantial, satisfying work dedicated to exploring one of the main missing elements in our knowledge of the Daoist Canon in its original formulation. Following a met

iculous account of the origins of Three Sovereigns literature, Dominic Steavu goes on to make the very valid point that talismans, elixirs, and charts―not generally considered part of the transmission of scriptures in modern scholarship―constituted a nonverbal medium central to this religious tradit

ion. While many readers will derive benefit from this knowledge even if they themselves are not particularly concerned with medieval Daoism, specialists will be glad to see a gap in our knowledge of early Daoist scriptures filled in such a thoroughly professional manner.”―T. H. Barrett, emeritus pro

fessor, SOAS China Institute   作者簡介 Dominic Steavu 　　Dominic Steavu is associate professor of Chinese religions and Chinese Buddhism at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Series Editors’ Preface vii Acknowledgments ix Conventions xiii Introduction 1 Chapter One 17 e Writ in E

arly Medieval Southern China Chapter Two 49 e Religious Life of Objects: e Talismans of the Writ and eir Surviving Fragments Chapter Three 83 Beyond Talismans: Alchemy, Charts, and Meditation in Relation to the Writ Chapter Four 121 From Local Lore to Universal Dao: e Cavern of Divinity and the Earl

y Daoist Canon Chapter Five 155 e Writ and Its Corpus: e Rise and Fall of the Cavern of Divinity in Institutional Daoism Conclusion 193 Appendix 1 215 List of Variant Titles for the Writ of the Three Sovereigns (Sanhuang wen) in Early Medieval Sources Appendix 2 219 Synopsis of the Principal Six Dyn

asties Sources Containing Fragments of the Writ of the Three Sovereigns (Sanhuang wen) and Its Oral Instructions Appendix 3 225 Comparative List of Talismans from the “Essential Instructions from the Western Citadel on the Great Characters in Celestial Script of the Three Sovereigns” (Xicheng yaojue

sanhuang tianwen dazi) and the “Essential functions of the ree Sovereigns” (Sanhuang yaoyong pin) Appendix 4 231 Comparative Inventory of Transmission Gages Associated with the Writ of the Three Sovereigns (Sanhuang wen) Notes 237 Works Cited 317 Index 355  

Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) – Demand Analysis of Retail Investors in Taiwan and Germany

為了解決institutional owners的問題，作者杜永仁 這樣論述：

There is a recent financial market transformation with an observable shift of awareness towards environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG). Investors increasingly demand that their money is saved with less risk of externalities.Various rating agencies with proprietary frameworks emerged,

leading to conflicting corporate sustainability information. Two companies were analyzed to showcase rating divergence: Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and Volkswagen (VW). Both had above-average ESG performance with headroom for improvements in transparency and environmental aspe

cts.This thesis contributes to the academic literature by exploring the status of ESG awareness through a survey of 547 individuals in Germany and Taiwan. Predictors of knowledge and interest in ESG were tested, including investment experience, time frame, income, age, education, and information beh

avior.A partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was created to visualize correlations, measure path weights, and test reliability & validity; this enabled a data-driven exploration of this novel research field.Most respondents had little or no knowledge of ESG and did not know the

rating of their investments. However, 72% claimed to have moderate to high levels of interest. Top exclusion categories included weapons, pornography, and animal testing.More than half of respondents expected companies with ESG agenda to be more profitable than benchmarks in the long run.Environment

al aspects ranked as the most demanded corporate improvements with a share of 62%. Social engagement came second, governance third, and more profit was last with only 2.7% of votes. Companies’ responses had opposed priorities in literature.More retail investors admitted to following recommendations,

ratings, and financial advice instead of researching information themselves.