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Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) – Demand Analysis of Retail Investors in Taiwan and Germany

為了解決BioNTech stock的問題，作者杜永仁 這樣論述：

There is a recent financial market transformation with an observable shift of awareness towards environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG). Investors increasingly demand that their money is saved with less risk of externalities.Various rating agencies with proprietary frameworks emerged,

leading to conflicting corporate sustainability information. Two companies were analyzed to showcase rating divergence: Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and Volkswagen (VW). Both had above-average ESG performance with headroom for improvements in transparency and environmental aspe

cts.This thesis contributes to the academic literature by exploring the status of ESG awareness through a survey of 547 individuals in Germany and Taiwan. Predictors of knowledge and interest in ESG were tested, including investment experience, time frame, income, age, education, and information beh

avior.A partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was created to visualize correlations, measure path weights, and test reliability & validity; this enabled a data-driven exploration of this novel research field.Most respondents had little or no knowledge of ESG and did not know the

rating of their investments. However, 72% claimed to have moderate to high levels of interest. Top exclusion categories included weapons, pornography, and animal testing.More than half of respondents expected companies with ESG agenda to be more profitable than benchmarks in the long run.Environment

al aspects ranked as the most demanded corporate improvements with a share of 62%. Social engagement came second, governance third, and more profit was last with only 2.7% of votes. Companies’ responses had opposed priorities in literature.More retail investors admitted to following recommendations,

ratings, and financial advice instead of researching information themselves.

新型冠狀病毒肺炎、疫苗接種與內部控制

為了解決BioNTech stock的問題，作者曾進財 這樣論述：

隨著新冠肺炎病毒快速蔓延至全球各地，其影響範圍不單是公衛領域而已，對經濟、科技或會計等各方面同樣地帶來重大衝擊。本研究結合會計與公衛領域，以美國上市公司為樣本探討公司內部控制缺失的發生是否會受到新冠肺炎病毒疫情嚴重程度與後續疫苗接種影響。本研究發現隨著新冠肺炎病毒疫情越嚴重會導致公司減少內部控制系統缺失揭露實證證據，而我們並未發現疫苗接種對此關聯具備調節效果。後續敏感性分析分別將應變數改用公司按沙氏法案302和404條款於財務報告要求揭露內部控制缺失、將自變數疫情嚴重程度用季平均新冠肺炎病毒確診人數、施打新冠肺炎疫苗分別以每月或季平均衡量，或是考量地區政治立場傾向後，其分析結果均與主測試實證

結果相似。