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Compulsory Iranian insurance law: Accidents caused by vehicles

為了解決Compulsory insurance的問題，作者Karimi, Amirmohammad,Vasseghian-Ghaza, Fatemeh,Farahmand, Mojtab 這樣論述：

臺灣港埠引水安全精進策略之研究

為了解決Compulsory insurance的問題，作者許忠盈 這樣論述：

目錄中文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------I英文摘要 ---------------------------------------------------------------------II誌謝-------------------------------------------------------------------------III目錄-----------------------------

---------------------------------------------IV表目錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------VII圖目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------VIII第一章 緒論-------------------------------------------------------------------11.1 研究背景與動機------------

----------------------------------------------11.2 研究目的---------------------------------------------------------------21.3 研究範圍與限制----------------------------------------------------------21.4 研究方法---------------------------------------------------------------3第二章 臺灣引水制度之沿革與現況-------------------

------------------------------42.1 引水之意涵與目的--------------------------------------------------------42.1.1 從法制面向分析----------------------------------------------------------52.1.2 從港埠經營面向分析------------------------------------------------------82.2 引水人的角色功能------------------------------------------

--------------92.2.1 引水人之角色定義--------------------------------------------------------92.2.2 引水人關於航行安全之角色功能--------------------------------------------112.2.3 引水人關於監督船舶與船員之角色功能---------------------------------------122.2.4 引水人關於港埠服務之角色功能--------------------------------------------132.2.5 引水人關於港埠

效率之角色功能--------------------------------------------162.3 臺灣引水制度之沿革-----------------------------------------------------172.4 臺灣引水制度現況-------------------------------------------------------192.4.1 強制引水與自由引水之實施現況--------------------------------------------192.4.2 引水人之資格、培訓與執業----------------------

--------------------------212.4.3 引水費率--------------------------------------------------------------232.4.4 引水之監理------------------------------------------------------------252.4.5 各港引水人選任與執業人數現況--------------------------------------------30第三章 臺灣港埠引水環境之變革----------------------------------------

---------343.1 國際公約對臺灣港埠引水環境的牽動----------------------------------------343.1.1 IMO早期決議案---------------------------------------------------------363.1.2 SOLAS之相關規定-------------------------------------------------------373.1.3 STCW之相關規定--------------------------------------------------------443.1.

4 IALA之相關規定--------------------------------------------------------463.2 海域空間使用多元-------------------------------------------------------473.2.1 遊艇------------------------------------------------------------------483.2.2 渡輪------------------------------------------------------------------503.2.3

漁船------------------------------------------------------------------523.3 船舶大型化與快速化-----------------------------------------------------533.3.1 港埠營運步調的變動-----------------------------------------------------583.3.2 港埠設施規劃-----------------------------------------------------------583.3.3 船員對引水人的依

賴性增加------------------------------------------------603.4 航運效益日漸嚴峻-------------------------------------------------------613.4.1 引水協力資源的強化-----------------------------------------------------623.4.2 航商對引水成本的關注效應------------------------------------------------663.4.3 引水人力與技術的挑戰-------------------

--------------------------------683.4.4 法規制度的全面檢討-----------------------------------------------------72第四章 精進策略探討-----------------------------------------------------------744.1 臺灣港埠引水安全關鍵因素—思維變異---------------------------------------754.1.1 引水人與船長之合作關係------------------------------------------

-------764.1.2 引水人與VTS之合作關係--------------------------------------------------774.1.3 拖船使用觀念的釐清-----------------------------------------------------784.1.4 引水人與帶解纜業者之合作關係--------------------------------------------814.1.5 引水作業程序化---------------------------------------------------------824.2 臺灣港埠

引水安全關鍵因素—制度調整---------------------------------------844.2.1 拖船制度調整-----------------------------------------------------------884.2.2 建構大區域性引水人制度--------------------------------------------------944.2.3 確立VTS之公權力地位----------------------------------------------------984.2.4 強化引水人自律機制--------------

---------------------------------------994.3 臺灣港埠引水安全關鍵因素—環境優化--------------------------------------1004.3.1 檢視臺灣助導航設施現況效益---------------------------------------------1014.3.2 強化科技化助導航設施--------------------------------------------------1054.3.3 優化VTS----------------------------------------------

----------------1114.4 臺灣港埠引水安全關鍵因素—船舶適航--------------------------------------1164.4.1 從國際法與國內法尋求改善船舶適航的辦法----------------------------------1174.4.2 從案例探討------------------------------------------------------------1234.5 臺灣港埠引水安全關鍵因素—技術強化--------------------------------------1254.5.1 引水作業時之團隊合作

--------------------------------------------------1254.5.2 IMO A.960之建議------------------------------------------------------1294.5.3 拖船技術及效率提升----------------------------------------------------1304.5.4 VTS技術提升----------------------------------------------------------1324.5.5 引水人技術提升-----------

---------------------------------------------133第五章 結論與討論------------------------------------------------------------1405.1 結論-----------------------------------------------------------------1405.2 討論-----------------------------------------------------------------141參考文獻 -----------------------

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Climate Change Liability and Beyond

為了解決Compulsory insurance的問題，作者Jiunn-rongYeh等14人 這樣論述：

　　Climate change and its adverse impacts on nature and human society are clearly felt. Who should bear the responsibility? Should anyone be held liable for grave losses and damages related to climate change? In what way and to what extent can these issues be addressed in legal mechanisms b

oth globally and locally? Will an international liability regime an ultimate solution? Are courts ready for and capable of resolving these disputes that find intricacy of law, policy and science? 　　To shed light on these issues, this book is structured with four main themes on the discussions of cl

imate change liability and related mechanisms. They are: 1) state liability and responsibility, 2) climate change litigation, 3) climate change liability and alternatives, and 4) dispute resolution and remedies. Reflections on the concepts of liability/responsibly/accountability have provided for nu

anced understandings of their functional dynamics in climate change governance. Our findings also suggest that International and domestic courts have become a vital player in attribution or distribution of climate change liability. In addition to formalistic rights discourse and rigid liability regi

me, a few alternatives such as carbon market, insurance, mediation or soft law are also finding their ways to ensuring sustainability of climate change governance.