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Output Growth, Competition and Aging Labor: Japanese Cross-Industry Analysis, 1970-2008

為了解決Royalty pharma stock的問題，作者艾揚玲 這樣論述：

This study analyzes the factors that determine and shape output generation in Japan. These factors are being examined in pursuance to have the understanding of growth and downfall of output. It is hypothesized that R＆D activities, labor, non IT capital stock and IT capital stock contribute to the d

evelopment of output growth in Japanese industries. In addition to that, moderator variables which are represented by numbers of aging labor and industry competition are hypothesized can either stimulate or weaken the output generation. Hypotheses are tested using the data obtained from Research Ins

titute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI) Japan Industrial Output (JIP) Database 2011 and Japan Statistics Official within period 1970 to 2008. A multiple regression analysis, a manova analysis and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis are conducted. Results indicate that as hypothesized,

but the expected significant coefficients only appeared in several industries, hence all hypotheses can be apprehended as partially supported. Similar to expectations, labor aging has negative moderating effect to labor-intensive industry, meanwhile labor aging has positive moderating effect to capi

tal intensive industry. Concurrently, it is found that industry competition discourage the investment towards factor inputs, but it only has relatively weak power in affecting R＆D expenditure per researcher to output.