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Pimsleur Portuguese Brazilian Level 5 CD: Learn to Speak and Understand Brazilian Portuguese With Pimsleur Language Programs

為了解決Verb before research的問題，作者Pimsleur (COR) 這樣論述：

Pimsleur Brazilian Portuguese Level 5 is now available using Dr. Pimsleur's scientifically-proven method. This program includes approximately 16 hours of audio language instruction in 30 daily lessons, plus reading instruction. With it, you will be speaking and understanding Brazilian Portuguese in

no time. The Easiest and Fastest Way to Learn Brazilian Portuguese Whether you want to travel, communicate with friends or colleagues, reconnect with family, or just understand more of what's going on in the world around you, learning Brazilian Portuguese will expand your horizons and immeasurably e

nrich your life. The best part is that it doesn't have to be difficult or take years to master. Thirty minutes a day is all it takes, and we get you speaking right from the first day. Pimsleur courses use a scientifically-proven method that puts you in control of your learning. If you've tried othe

r language learning methods but found they simply didn't stick, then you owe it to yourself to give Pimsleur a try. Why Pimsleur? - Quick + Easy - Only 30 minutes a day. - Portable + Flexible - Core lessons can be done anytime, anywhere, and easily fit into your busy life. - Proven Method - Works wh

en other methods fail. - Self-Paced - Go fast or go slow - it's up to you. - Based in Science - Developed using proven research on memory and learning. - Cost-effective - Less expensive than classes or immersion, and features all native speakers. - Genius - Triggers your brain's natural aptitude to

learn. - Works for everyone - Recommended for ages 13 and above. What's Included? - 30, 30-minute audio lessons, all featuring native speakers - Reading instruction in the form of a short story to provide you with practice reading Brazilian Portuguese - A Reading Booklet What You'll Learn Builds upo

n skills taught in Pimsleur's Brazilian Portuguese Levels 1, 2, 3, and 4. You'll be speaking and understanding Portuguese with near fluency and with a broad range of conversational skills. In Level 5 the pace and conversation moves quite rapidly, accelerating exposure to new vocabulary and structure

s, approaching native speed and comprehension. You'll learn to speak more in-depth about your personal life and emotional state, and be able to create complex sentences using a mix of tenses and moods. Some topics include: - Health and well being: body parts and facial features; pains, symptoms an

d cures; allergies; sleeping and waking; gaining and losing weight; exercising and running a marathon. - Personal life: routines and habits; fashion tastes and styles; emotions; personality types; empathy, regrets and hopes; agreeing and disagreeing; reinventing yourself; learning a new skill. - Fam

ily and relationships: family resemblance; growing up; plans and aspirations for the future; personal sacrifices and family support. - Work, leisure and travel: public speaking; memorizing and performing poetry; planning a get-together; going to an art exhibit; theater; planning an outing; going fis

hing; months and seasons of the year; protection from the sun. - Home life: real estate; colors; home ownership; doing the laundry; family finances; down-sizing; retirement; life in the country versus the big city. - Grammar etc.: more complicated verb forms and tenses; dropping pronouns when it's c

lear who is talking; common Brazilian expressions, idioms, and proverbs. Reading Lessons in the form of a short story are included at the end of Lesson 30. These lessons are designed to give you practice reading Brazilian Portuguese, to provide vocabulary and improve pronunciation. Before you know

it, you'll be reading Brazilian Portuguese with the ease and flexibility of a native speaker. Learning the sound of each letter alone and in culturally distinct combinations allows your brain to process what you're hearing in the audio lessons from a new and different perspective. It's a powerful c

ombination that makes Pimsleur different from every other method on the market. The Pimsleur Method We make no secret of what makes this powerful method work so well. Paul Pimsleur spent his career researching and perfecting the precise elements anyone can use to learn a language quickly and easily.

Here are a few of his "secrets" The Principle of Anticipation In the nanosecond between a cue and your response, your brain has to work to come up with the right word. Having to do this boosts retention, and cements the word in your mind. Core Vocabulary Words, phrases, and sentences are selected f

or their usefulness in everyday conversation. We don't overwhelm you with too much, but steadily increase your ability with every lesson. Graduated Interval Recall Reminders of new words and structures come up at the exact interval for maximum retention and storage into your long-term memory. Organi

c Learning You work on multiple aspects of the language simultaneously. We integrate grammar, vocabulary, rhythm, melody, and intonation into every lesson, which allows you to experience the language as a living, expressive form of human culture. Learning in Context Research has shown that learning

new words in context dramatically accelerates your ability to remember. Every scene in every Pimsleur lesson is set inside a conversation between two people. There are no drills, and no memorization necessary for success. Active Participation The Pimsleur Method + active learner participation = succ

ess. This method works with every language and every learner who follows it. You gain the power to recall and use what you know, and to add new words easily, exactly as you do in English. The Brazilian Portuguese Language Portuguese is the mother tongue of about 230 million people, mainly in Portuga

l and the Portuguese islan Dr. Paul Pimsleur devoted his life to language teaching and testing and was one of the world’s leading experts in applied linguistics. After years of experience and research, Dr. Pimsleur developed The Pimsleur Method based on two key principles: the Principle of Anticip

ation and a scientific principle of memory training that he called ＂Graduated Interval Recall.＂ This Method has been applied to the many levels and languages of the Pimsleur Programs.

當代中文課程教師手冊 6

為了解決Verb before research的問題，作者國立臺灣師範大學國語教學中心 這樣論述：

華語教學最權威—國立臺灣師範大學國語教學中心　編寫開發 最符合當代華語學習趨勢的教學用書 讓中文課程走出新的未來、新的視野 　　系列規劃 　　全系列教材共六冊，為全方位訓練學生華語能力的教材。前三冊以口語訓練為主，後三冊開始進入書面語訓練。 　　第一冊著重在實際日常生活對話運用，第二冊開始輔以短文閱讀，第三冊則從長篇對話進入書面語及篇章的訓練，第四冊以篇章方式對書面語做更進一步的加強訓練，培養學生具備閱讀真實語料的語言實力。第五、六冊則涵蓋社會、科技、經濟、政治、文化、環境等多元議題探討，擴展學生對不同領域的語言運用。 　　各冊教材分別包含課本、作業本、教師手冊及漢字練習簿（第一、

二冊）。 　　程度規劃 　　本系列教材適合來台學習華語學生，並適用於海外高中或大學學習華語的學生。一～六冊的程度規劃相當於 CEFR 的 A1-C1 等級或 ACTFL 的 Novice-Superior 等級。 　　特色 　　符合現代教學潮流，結合溝通式教學和任務導向學習，培養學生使用華語的能力。 　　每課開始的學習目標和課末的學習自評表，幫助學習者了解自己是否達成學習目標。 　　課文緊貼日常生活真實情況，使學生在自然的語境下學習華語。 　　採用新思維漢語教學詞類架構及語法說明，有效防堵學習者偏誤產生。 　　語法說明包括語法功能、結構、語用、練習四個部分，輔助學習者正確地使用語言。

　　課室活動提供明確的學習目標、活動或任務，透過有趣的活動練習鞏固學習。 　　「文化」單元輔以真實的照片，使學習者能深入瞭解臺灣當地社會文化。 　　提供線上輔助工具，協助教師課堂教學輔助及學習者之課後練習。 　　Introduction 　　This six-volume series is a comprehensive learning material that focuses on spoken language in the first three volumes and written language in the latter three volumes. Volume O

ne aims to strengthen daily conversation and applications; Volume Two contains short essays as supplementary readings; Volume Three introduces beginning-level written language and discourse, in addition to extended dialogues. Volume Four uses discourse to solidify the learner’s written language and

ability in reading authentic materials; Volumes Five and Six are arranged in topics such as society, technology, economics, politics, culture, and environment to help the learner expand their language utilisations in different domains. 　　Each volume includes a textbook, a student workbook, and a te

acher’s manual.  In addition, Volume One and Two include a practice book for characters. 　　Level of Students 　　A Course in Contemporary Chinese 《當代中文課程》 is suitable for learners of Chinese in Taiwan, as well as for high school or college level Chinese language courses overseas. Volumes One to Six

cover levels A1 to C1 in the CEFR, or Novice to Superior levels in ACTFL Guidelines 　　Overview 　　The series adopts communicative language teaching and task-based learning to boost the learner’s Chinese ability. 　　Each lesson has learning objectives and self-evaluation to give the learner a clear r

ecord of tasks completed. 　　Lessons are authentic daily situations to help the learner learn in natural contexts. 　　Lexical items and syntactic structures are presented and explained in functional, not structural, perspectives. 　　Syntactic, i.e. grammatical, explanation includes functions, structure

s, pragmatics, and drills to guide the learner to proper usage. 　　Classroom activities have specific learning objectives, activities, or tasks to help fortify learning while having fun. 　　The “Bits of Chinese Culture” section of the lesson has authentic photographs to give the learner a deeper look

at local Taiwanese culture. 　　Online access provides supplementary materials for teachers & students.  

漢語「在+NP+(方位詞)」與俄語相應介詞短語之對比分析及其教學應用

為了解決Verb before research的問題，作者娜恩塔 這樣論述：

漢語的「在+NP+（方位詞）」介詞短語是母語為俄語的漢語學習者的漢語語法難點之一。 漢語「在+NP+（方位詞）」介詞短語對母語為俄語的漢語學習者的困難，主要在於以下三種差異: 1) 「在+NP」在漢語裡基本存在三種結構: 「在+NP」、「NP+方位詞」、「在+NP+方位詞」，俄語裡則僅存在一種：「介詞+NP」。 2) 漢語的「在+NP」會出現在句中不同的位置，可以出現在句首(主語前)、句中(動詞前)、句尾(動詞後)，不同位置有不同功能。俄語的「介詞+NP」通常位於動詞之後。3) 在漢語裡，「在+NP+方位詞」具有表示抽象處所的用法，如「在這件事情上」，再加上俄語裡沒有後置詞(方位詞)，所以對

母語為俄語的漢語學習者來說，「在+NP+方位詞」的抽象語意以及方位詞也有一定的難度。綜上所述，「在+NP+（方位詞）」介詞短語是母語為俄語的漢語學習者的難點之一，因而本研究針對漢語「在+NP+（方位詞）」與俄語相應介詞短語做了對比分析，預測母語為俄語的漢語學習者在習得介詞短語的過程中的各語法結構的結構難易度（短語內部結構）、語序難易度（短語在句中的位置）以及語義難易度（深層結構）。 然後本研究進行了問卷調查，以驗證預測以及提出與「在+NP+（方位詞）」相關的偏誤類型與偏誤率。透過測試題的分析，本研究發現以下俄語背景漢語學習者最常產生的偏誤類型：方位詞的遺漏與誤用、介詞短語的錯序、介詞的誤加以及

介詞的遺漏。雖然偏誤的類型與對比分析的預測相同，但學習者產生的偏誤不都是母語的干擾造成的結果。本研究進行的問卷調查發現，有以下三種因素影響俄語背景漢語學習者「在+NP+（方位詞）」介詞短語的使用：母語的干擾（方位詞的遺漏與誤用、介詞的誤加）；目標語本身的複雜度（方位詞的誤用、介詞的遺漏、介詞短語的錯序）以及方位詞前面名詞的使用頻率（方位詞的誤用）。本研究在對比分析的基礎上預測俄語背景漢語學習者在使用「在+NP+（方位詞）+VP」時會將介詞短語放在動詞之後，的確有這種偏誤，但少數。對比分析的難易度預測與問卷調查結果不同之處在於本研究本來預測俄語背景學習者因為受到母語的干擾而將介詞短語誤放在動詞之

後。但其實問卷調查結果發現，受試者較偏向將介詞短語放在動詞之前，多數錯序的偏誤與「V+在+NP+（方位詞）」的結構有關。接著本研究根據難易度預測、問卷調查結果及教學語法的排序原則，提出了針對俄語背景漢語學習者「在+NP+（方位詞）」次類的教學排序，如下：1）[在+NP+(L)] pp＋[VP]；2）[VP]＋[在+NP+(L)] pp；3）方位詞的具體用法：（在）+NP+中/裡；（在）+NP+上；（在）+NP+下；4）[NP + L] pp +[VP]；5）方位詞的抽象用法：（在）+NP+中/裡；（在）+NP+上；（在）+NP+下。最後本研究分析了「在+NP+（方位詞）」相關結構在俄羅斯在地的

初級漢語材裡的教學排序以及教學內容。然後根據研究結果，提出了針對俄羅斯在地的漢語教材編輯建議。