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鹽度對氟甲磺氯黴素在尼羅吳郭魚之藥物動力學及優化劑量之影響

為了解決TSN stock的問題，作者鄭仲妮 這樣論述：

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most widely cultured fish worldwide in both freshwater and brackish water. As salinity has a strong influence on fish physiology, pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of drugs may be affected by water salinity. The aim of this study was to investigate the

effect of salinity on PK of florfenicol (FF) in Nile tilapia reared at 0, 2, 4, 8, and 15 ppt after a single oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) administration of 15 mg/kg at 28°C. The implication of salinity-dependent PK in the optimal dosing regimen determination was also examined. The HPLC-UV method

was used to determine the serum concentration of FF. Following PO administration, increasing water salinity from 0 to 15 ppt leads to greater bioavailability and faster drug elimination. However, the absorption rate of FF was not significantly influenced by salinity. The results from IV study were g

enerally consistent with the PO experiment; increasing the water salinity resulted in shortened elimination half-life (t1/2β), faster drug clearance (CL), and smaller area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC), suggesting a more rapid elimination at higher salinity level. The optimal dosage

at each salinity level was determined by pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) approach taken salinity into consideration, and the results showed that the calculated dosages were similar between 0 to 8 ppt, but a higher dosage was required at 15 ppt (from 7 to 10 mg/kg/day at the MIC of 2 μg/mL).

In conclusion, Nile tilapia reared in saltwater greater than 8 ppt may require a higher FF dosage than those cultured in freshwater.

三倍體西瓜‘新一號'之微體繁殖與莖尖包埋研究

為了解決TSN stock的問題，作者山蒂卡 這樣論述：

西瓜（Citrullus lanatus）是世界上水果消費最廣泛的作物之一。然而，過去幾年中，無籽或三倍體西瓜品種普及也漸漸取代多籽西瓜的市場。另外，三倍體西瓜種子生產上面臨一些困難，例如耗時、費力和種子發芽率低。合成人工種子能效仿真實種子，為三倍體西瓜的繁殖提供了新的替代方案。本研究主旨為利用莖尖作為繁殖體，生產三倍體西瓜“新一號”的人工種子，並同時試驗瓶內(in vitro)與瓶外(ex vitro)不同播種介質、培養基配方於種子發芽和生長之影響。此研究包含種子發芽之預處理、種子滅菌、芽體增植和人工種子製作與人工種子於不同播種介質、培養基配方與培植體瓶內與瓶外條件之測試。結果顯示，三倍體

西瓜“新一號”發芽的最佳預處理是種皮分離。在於種子滅菌試驗中，浸在的0.75％次氯酸鈉（NaOCl）10分鐘，具有最高的正常幼苗發芽率且0％的無污染。芽體增植測試中，幼苗莖尖培養在培養基中添加1 mg/l芐基腺嘌呤（BA）能誘導最高芽數。儘管BA的添加使根部發育遲緩，但BA增加並不影響芽尖馴化的存活率。人工種子培植體使用無菌發芽或BA誘發的莖尖，兩者俱有相當的性能。在不同播種介質中添加吲哚-3-丁酸（IBA）影響了人工種子的表現。培養基用洋菜為最佳的播種介質然而，結果顯示蛭石能作為替代培養基用洋菜的可能性。一般來說，添加IBA在膠凝基質和播種介質中可促進三倍體西瓜“新一號”的生根率和根增殖數與

馴化的成功率。然而Hyponex培養基與無蔗糖培養基未能在三倍體西瓜“新一號”誘導人工種子發芽。在瓶外人工種子培養基添加0.5％的PPM比100 mg / L鋅錳乃浦為更有效的微生物劑，結果顯示在28天後，0.5％的PPM達到0 %的汙染率並有65％發芽率、85% 存活率且10%的發根率。使用人工種子包埋芽尖培植體可成功生產三倍體西瓜與其生長。 雖然現在在市場上尚不適用，但是在抗菌劑和培養基配方的瓶外播種以及存儲潛力研究，可進一步增加三倍體西瓜人工種子在將來的適用性。